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p-type
n-type
positive
hole
electron
Start
Reset
Electric
Field
Positive
holes
are
pushed
by
the
positive
terminal
of
the
battery
into
the
depletion
layer
and
negative
electrons
are
pushed
from
the
negative
terminal
into
the
depletion
layer
too.
Holes
meet
electrons
and
are
annihilated.
This
process
continues
as
long
as
the
external
battery
has
energy.
In
this
set
up
the
diode
conducts.
Forward
biased
conducting
pn
junction
Next
page
+
-
The
pn
semiconductor
junction
Factus
est
XI,
MMXIX
p-type
n-type
positive
hole
electron
Start
Reset
Electric
Field
Positive
holes
are
now
pulled
towards
the
negative
terminal
of
the
battery.
Negative
electrons
are
pulled
towards
the
positive
terminal.
This
results
in
charge
carriers
moving
away
from
the
depletion
layer.
Consequently
the
depletion
layer
widens
until
an
equilibrium
is
reached
and
no
charge
carriers
can
flow.
In
this
arrangement
the
diode
is
reversed
biased
and
becomes
an
insulator.
Reversed
biased
non
conducting
pn
junction
Previous
page
+
-
The
pn
semiconductor
junction
Factus
est
XI,
MMXIX